Just last year, the Fondation de la Haute Horlogerie (FHH), which was founded in 2005 in Switzerland to maintain and preserve the tradition of haute horlogerie, issued the “White Paper.” Much like the fashion industry’s haute couture designation (which has government issued rules surrounding its use), it had become important to establish a set of rules to help define haute horology and identify fine watchmaking brands. As such, there has been an ongoing struggle to define haute horology, which has led to the formation of a number certifications, such as the Qualité Fleurier (for watchmakers in the Fleurier region of Switzerland), the Geneva Seal (also known as the Hallmark of Geneva for watch brands in that region), and others, that act as guidelines for fine watchmaking.Ī master watchmaker’s tools are like magic when it comes to assembling and finishing high horology movements. Over the past half a century, the term haute horology continues to evolve, and sometimes has even the finest watch collectors arguing about whether or not a fine watch is a haute horology piece. Their focus was on demonstrating their watchmaking skills, including artistic merit, mechanical precision, complicated calibers, meticulous finishing, and only the finest quality. The term haute horology really only came into existence in the late 1970’s when fine Swiss watchmakers were looking for a term to differentiate their high-end mechanical timepieces from the plethora of quartz watches coming onto the market. Haute horology revolves around the art of high watchmaking.
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In this tutorial we will explore the different methods to convert Integer to String in Java along with interesting programming examples: We will be covering the use of the following methods provided by the different Java classes to convert Int to String in Java: String concatenation String.valueOf() String.format() Integer.toString() Integer. The following example demonstrates both successful and unsuccessful calls to Parse and TryParse. You can check for a null or empty string before attempting to parse it by calling the String.IsNullOrEmpty method. A string whose value is null or String.Empty fails to parse successfully. 3" (note the embedded space), "10e1" ( float.TryParse works here), and so on. For example, you can use decimal.TryParse to parse "10", "10.3", or " 10 ", but you can't use this method to parse 10 from "10X", "1 0" (note the embedded space), "10. Any white space within the string that forms the number causes an error. The Parse and TryParse methods ignore white space at the beginning and at the end of the string, but all other characters must be characters that form the appropriate numeric type ( int, long, ulong, float, decimal, and so on). When calling a Parse method, you should always use exception handling to catch a FormatException when the parse operation fails. If the string isn't in a valid format, Parse throws an exception, but TryParse returns false. The Parse method returns the converted number the TryParse method returns a boolean value that indicates whether the conversion succeeded, and returns the converted number in an out parameter. The Convert.ToInt32 method uses Parse internally. You use Parse or TryParse methods on the numeric type you expect the string contains, such as the System.Int32 type. Using a Convert method is more useful for general objects that implement IConvertible. It's slightly more efficient and straightforward to call a TryParse method (for example, int.TryParse("11", out number)) or Parse method (for example, var number = int.Parse("11")). You convert a string to a number by calling the Parse or TryParse method found on numeric types ( int, long, double, and so on), or by using methods in the System.Convert class. The right font is an important part of the design, so experiment with a few and see what you like. Pick one that best suits the industry you’re applying for or the recipient in mind. Search for Cover Letter or Resume to find tons of free templates in the online editor. Launch Adobe Express in your browser to get started on your free cover letter design. Choose a font and set a maximum of three character or paragraph styles. Start creating your cover letter for free. Once you are ready, set up your InDesign document and use grids to ensure perfect alignment. 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Below the denomination is the legend United States of America in a medium font. At the top, E Pluribus Unum runs between the wheat tips, followed by One Cent in a large font. They’re arranged towards the left and right rims of the coin, framing the legends and mottos on the coin. The reverse (tails side) of the 1943 Steel Penny features two sheaves of wheat. The designer’s initials, VDB for Victor David Brenner, are on the shoulder cut-off line in Lincoln’s portrait. On the left, behind his back, is the legend Liberty. On the right, in front of his chest, is the date and mint mark. The motto In God We Trust runs along the rim above his head. The obverse (heads side) of the 1943 Steel Penny shows Abraham Lincoln facing right. The Obverse of the 1943 Steel Penny Image: ngccoin We’ll talk more about BU grades later in this article, but first, let’s explore the 1943 Steel Penny’s features. The coin might then be graded as Brilliant Uncirculated (BU) and you might pay more for it if you’re unfamiliar with this practice. Unscrupulous dealers will sometimes ‘reprocess’ a coin by removing the original zinc coat and adding new zinc and/or chrome. Also, as you collect and sell 1943 Steel Pennies, look out for sneaky coin alterations. This price difference provides revenue for the mint. Seignorage is the difference between the production cost and the face value of currency. While the public disliked steel pennies, the mint appreciated their profitability, since their seignorage was way higher than copper/bronze cents. Many steel cents were recalled and melted by the mint, but some are still circulating. This brass was strengthened with pure copper. The rest of the 1944 to 1946 cents were minted on brass planchets made from the salvaged shell casings gathered on the battlefield. Counterfeit Copper CoinsĪ few steelies were inadvertently minted in 1944 using the same metal mixes and dies as 1943 cents. Steelies were meant to run for the entire war period but due to these issues, they only lasted a year. And some citizens mistook these steelies for dimes. These machines were built for copper coins, so they were programmed to catch steel fakes aka slugs. But back to the steelies.Īs we’ve just mentioned, the wartime cent was magnetic, so it stymied counterfeit detectors in vending machines. Steelies are 2.7g while bronze coins are 3.11g, so with or without copper plating, the difference in mass is a dead giveaway. Conversely, a genuine bronze cent has no iron or steel content so it won’t react to a magnet. How? Fake 1943 bronze cents will have a steelie underneath, so you can pick them up with a magnet. Since they’re worth a lot, bronze 1943 pennies are commonly counterfeited by coating steelies in copper. Someone found it in the yard in 1969 and used a vice to straighten it, not knowing it was a priceless rarity! And as we said before, some bronze coins were accidentally minted. Unusual 1943 PenniesĪt least one example exists in 86.41% tin with 8.37% antimony. Starting in 1942, the mint experimented with pennies made from fiberglass, plastic, aluminum, lead, tempered glass, hard rubber, white metal, bakelite, and manganese. Interestingly, steel wasn’t the first alternative they tested. This meant as the coins circulated, people would touch the edges with sweaty fingers and the moisture would cause these surfaces to rust. As the planchet went into the blanking machine to be cut into blank discs, the ungalvanized edges of the coin got exposed by the slicing action. The zinc plating was intended to prevent rust, but since the top coat was applied to the planchet sheet before punching, that didn’t always work. It’s sometimes known as the Steel War Penny, Wartime Cent, Steelie, or Zinc Cent. Then in the war years ( 1942 to 1945), the military needed copper for ammunition and equipment so we switched to steel cents: 99% low-grade carbon steel topped with zinc. In both cases, the bulk of the coin was copper. But in 1857 it had 12% nickel and in 1864 it switched to 5% zinc and/or tin. We often think of the penny as a copper coin. 1943 Steel Penny Varieties and Value Guideġ943 (P) No Mint Mark Bronze/Copper Penny Valueġ943-D Boldly Double Mint Marked D/D RPM Steel Penny Value. Through more research, they’re able to piece together what exactly that central idea may be. At one point, he came across what’s been dubbed “The Manifesto Tile.” This specific tile goes into far more detail about what appears to be a conspiracy in the media and various levels of government to silence the tiler’s message and ideas. One of the film’s key figures, Justin Duerr, had been documenting the tiles since the early days of the internet, long before the documentary came about. There's even a connection between the company and a shipment to South America which may have aided the appearance of tiles there. There’s also evidence that indicates this figure may have had help from a neighbor who worked for Conrail, a company whose freight tracks served all of the cities where tiles appeared. In fact, they find his Philadelphia address directly referenced in a tile that existed in Chile. They also uncover accounts that he may have once been the person behind a series of short wave radio broadcasts which espoused ideas similar to those found in the tiles. They come to find several “prototypes” in the streets near his home. Throughout the course of the documentary, the filmmakers are able to find evidence that links them to a reclusive citizen of Philadelphia. “2001” is a reference to Stanley Kubrick’s film, 2001: A Space Odyssey, which depicts a manned space mission to Jupiter (Kubrick’s name does occasionally appear in some tiles). Toynbee, a British historian who believed civilization must respond to challenges in order to prosper. “Toynbee” appears to be a reference to Arnold J. Ultimately, the film isn’t wholly conclusive in regards to the meaning or who the original creator is, but it does present an argument for what may be the best theory: Hundreds of these tiles have been found and documented with the Queen City once sporting at least three in its streets. Cincinnati is briefly featured along with a reference to a 2001 story by City Beat. The film isn’t solely about the tiles and the mystique surrounding them, but also about the filmmakers and their journey as well. Fair warning if you haven’t seen it: what I’ve written here will delve into the film's story, but I won’t go into all the details of a movie that’s well worth your time. Perhaps the people who have done that best are Justin Duerr, Steve Weinik, and Colin Smith-the producers and key figures of the 2011 documentary “ Resurrect Dead.” The best way to get an understanding of the tiles is to watch and discuss this film. I’m certainly not the first to take notice of the tiles, attempt to document them, or write an article about them. In some cases, the tiles will features side notes which make reference to politics, media, conspiracy, or other subjects. The vast majority feature a central message (although there’s the occasional variation): The tiles themselves are defined as "messages of unknown origin found embedded in asphalt streets." Reports of them go back to the early 1980s and they’ve been primarily found in major cities along the East Coast and in the Midwest, with the strongest concentration located in Philadelphia. The subject never came to my attention until recently, but as soon as I first read about “Toynbee Tiles,” I was hooked, drawn in, and had to know more. What I assumed was initially just eclectic, guerrilla street art is actually much, much more. With additional help from comments on Facebook and Twitter, several people offered insight and clues as to what these things were and where to find them locally. After work that day, I found another and then one more the following day thanks to 5chw4r7z. I was taken aback at the unexpected message and didn't have too long to think about it before traffic resumed and I ran back to the curb. Staring down at the asphalt, I had been expecting to read these cryptic words: I waited for traffic to subside, jogged out to the middle of the road and knelt down while an idling cab driver eyed me suspiciously. Maybe the map had been off a bit, I wasn't expecting to find anything here. I spent nearly my entire lunch break wandering and coming up short until I spotted one near a crosswalk. I scribbled down the locations in my notebook, determined to go looking the next day. The most recent record on the map was from 2006, just over a decade behind the present. These cards will change during the game, as the cards are replaced as soon as they are bought. The Trade Row is a spot in the middle of the table, where a handful of cards are available for purchase for both players. Combat Points – To attack your opponent directly, or to attack his star bases.Gold – To buy more cards from the Trade Row – (which are ships and star bases).Your drawn hand of cards will give you either: During your turn, you will get to play 5 cards. The game is a deck builder, similar to Ascension, Dominion, Clank!, etc. These ships are kind of crappy, but they let each player start the game off evenly. When you reduce your opponent’s health to zero, you win the game.Įach Player starts with the exact same 10 basic ships (represented by 10 basic ship cards). Each person starts with 50 Authority (Health Points). Each Player is commanding a Colony of Starships, and they are at war. There is no game board, and everything you need to play Star Realms comes in the box. The tutorial on the free App is fantastic, and that is a great place to learn Star Realms! But below is a very simple overview. Just know there are FREE Apple and/or Android App versions of Star Realms on their App stores. I’m not going to go into too much detail on how to play Star Realms, but I’ll give you a brief intro. How do you play Star Realms? Star Realms Tutorial on App Hero Realms is very similar to Star Realms, game-play wise, but has a Hero/Fantasy theme instead of a Science Fiction Theme. Star Realms has won several awards, and has had a few expansions as well. Star Realms has a Science Fiction Space Battle Theme to it. Star Realms was the first game they designed, and the game was originally released in 2014. Five years ago, Rob and Darwin got together and formed their own Game Company – White Wizard Games. Both Rob and Darwin are Hall of Fame Magic the Gathering TCG Players. Star Realms is a Deck Building Game designed by Rob Dougherty and Darwin Kastle. I took both demos, and afterwards picked up a copy of Star Realms Frontiers. To be honest, I had never played Star Realms or Hero Realms before Gen Con 2018. 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If you’re going for 4 layers, cut each cake in half, and arrange the bottom layer on a plate with parchment paper tucked in around the edged to keep the frosting from getting all over the plate.I made a small 4 layer cake out of this recipe, but could have easily kept it simple and made it 2 layers instead. It will probably take about 1/2 hour to get to the right consistency, a good time to do all of the dishes you just made dirty. You want the ganache to thicken, but not get so hard that you’ll have to spread it on the cake. Here’s where patience and attentiveness comes in: Remove the bowl from the heat and allow it to come to room temperature, stirring every 5 minutes or so.Once it’s melted, stir in the honey and turn off the heat.(you can use the same bowl you melted the chocolate in for the whipped cream, scraped out) Melt the butter, unsweetened chocolate, and chocolate chips in a double boiler over simmering water.Add the melted chocolate and give it another quick whip, and scrape down the sides of the bowl so it’s mixed in well.If you’re using coconut cream, it may not get as stiff, but that’s okay. Beat your cream until it’s fairly stiff.Melt the chocolate chips in a double boiler over simmering water.Make the chocolate whipped cream filling: If using larger ones, check after 20 minutes. Bake for 25-30 minutes, depending on the size of your pans.Beat until well combined by hand, and pour into the prepared pans.Stir to combine and add to the dry ingredients. In a small bowl, whisk the eggs and add the melted coconut oil, maple syrup, and vanilla.Sift dry ingredients (almond flour through cocoa powder) into a medium sized bowl.Preheat your oven to 350 and grease and line 2 small spring form pans (I used 6″, but you could use 8″ or 9″ and make a 2 layer cake instead of 4) Line the bottoms with parchment paper.For the Cake:ġ/4 cup coconut oil (plus more for greasing pans)Ģ teaspoons vanilla extract For the chocolate whipped cream filling:ģ/4 cup heavy cream (or equivalent in coconut cream, from the top of an unshaken can of coconut milkġ teaspoon vanilla For the ganache glaze: If you plan on making a large (10″ or so) cake, double the recipe. This recipe made 2 small spring form pans. For a birthday or other special occasion, Go all out! Chocolate whipped cream filling and ganache glaze makes this cake one to remember. This cake would be perfectly lovely plain, no frosting, with some berries. Now, on with the cake.įeel free to make this as complicated, or as simple as you’d like. This is what happens when I write first thing in the morning while still drinking coffee. Well, I bet you never saw a big lecture about eggs coming on a post about chocolate cake, did you? I honestly didn’t either. At least their chickens get some quality outside time and as many bugs and grubs as they can find. They supplement with corn and soy, which I’m not crazy about, but it’s still a better option than the rest. My second choice are pastured eggs from a larger company, such as Vital Farms. If you have a farmers market near you, find a farmer who sells eggs and ask them about how the hens spend their days. My first choice is the pastured eggs I get at the farmers market. Pastured eggs such as these are more expensive than the free range organic ones you find at your supermarket but to me, it’s worth it. Now that we’ve covered that, you’re probably wondering which eggs to buy. (also pizza crusts, but we won’t go there) This begs the question: If free range chickens are vegetarians, where (and what) is this range they’re so free on? They aren’t vegetarian by choice, which means they’re kicking it on some pretty impenetrable concrete, outside of tiny cages perhaps, but not much of a step up. They eat everything, and especially love the bugs and grubs that they find in the ground. Based on what I’ve been told by chicken owners, they’re essentially the pigs of the bird world. The truth is this: Chickens are not vegetarians. What are they pecking at back there? Corn and soy? Hmmm… Probably not. You may have noticed that the vast majority of egg cartons boast the words “vegetarian fed” Sounds good, right? But is it? Are chickens supposed to be vegetarians? Pretend for moment that you are lucky enough to have chickens in your backyard. Let’s talk about that for a moment, shall we? I don’t have a problem with egging up my baked goods, but when I quadruple (or more) the recipe for a party I’m catering, it gets a little crazy, and expensive, considering I’m extremely particular when it comes to my eggs. When I first started playing with paleo baked goods, I used a lot of coconut flour, which requires using a lot of eggs. Terminal lucidity, also known as rallying or the rally, is an unexpected return of mental clarity and memory, or suddenly regained consciousness that occurs in the time shortly before death in patients suffering from severe psychiatric or neurological disorders. Other studies involve a phenomenon called “ terminal lucidity” which also show that brain activity increases before death. The intact silver cord and the point of no return shows that permanent, irreversible bodily death never occurs in NDEs and that a biological component to NDEs does exist. The near-death experiencer frequently “snaps” back into their body with a jolt. At this point, the silver cord has stretched close to its breaking point and returning to their physical body occurs very quickly like stretching a rubber band and letting go of one end. This point of no return is represented in NDEs by a barrier of some kind such as a river, a fence or wall, a door, a line, or simply a deceased loved one(s) or the Being of Light. Near-death experiencers frequently reach a “point of no return” which cannot be crossed unless permanent, irreversible bodily death occurs. It is believed that the NDE does not involve the silver cord becoming severed otherwise, there would be no NDE and irreversible bodily death would occur. Many near-death and out-of-body experiencers have described seeing this “umbilical-like” cord connecting their spirit body to their physical body which religious traditions refer to as the “ silver cord.” Just as a baby’s umbilical cord must be severed for the baby to experience life, the silver cord must be severed for the spirit body to experience permanent spiritual life. Near-death studies reveal that an “ umbilical-like cord” connects the spirit body to the physical body which is disconnected at the time of irreversible death. That there is a biological component cannot be denied. These dying brain studies suggest the existence of a biological component to NDEs. Her case is considered to be one of the strongest cases of veridical evidence in NDE research because of her ability to describe the unique surgical instruments, the surgical procedures used on her, and her ability to describe in detail these events while she was brain dead. Her remarkably detailed veridical (i.e., verified) out-of-body observations during her surgery were later verified to be true. During the time that Reynolds was in brain death standstill, she experienced an NDE. After removing the aneurysm, she was restored to life. The operation is known as “ deep hypothermic circulatory arrest” (DHCA) or “standstill” which required that Reynolds’s body temperature be lowered to 60 degrees, her heartbeat and breathing stopped, her brain waves flattened, and the blood drained from her head. In 1991, Reynolds underwent a rare operation to remove a giant basilar artery aneurysm in her brain. The NDE of Pam Reynolds (1956–2010) is a case in point. While these dying brain studies show consciousness increasing BEFORE brain death, near-death studies provide descriptions of consciousness increasing and continuing AFTER brain death – but before permanent irreversible bodily death. Bruce Greyson et al (2022) have commented in a recent paper on this subject here: Recent Report of Electroencephalogram of a Dying Human Brain. This study also corresponds with a 2013 study involving the brains of dying rats which discovered a surge of the rats’ brain activity before death. This latest dying brain scan study also affirms that a surge of brain activity occurs after the heart stops beating and before brain death. This suggests that people may actually see their life “flash before their eyes” when they die affirming NDEs concerning the so-called life review. During the 30 seconds before and after the man’s heart stopped, his brain waves were remarkably similar to those seen during dreaming, memory recall, and meditation. Concussions.The discovery that life may flash before your eyes at death was made accidentally when a man died during a routine brain scan. “He’s dizzy when he stands up”: an introduction to initial orthostatic hypotension. Answers to our most frequently asked questions. Risk Factors for Retinal Detachment: A Case-Control Study. Kriebel D, Sama SR, Bradbury M, et al.Signs & symptoms.Īmerican Academy of Opthalmology. Age-related macular degeneration.Īmerican Optometric Association. The clinical characteristics and neurophysiological assessments of the occipital cortex in visual snow syndrome with or without migraine. doi:10.2147/OPTH.S143898Īmerican Society of Retina Specialists. Posterior vitreous detachment - prevalence of and risk factors for retinal tears. |
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